Research Publications
Underlined and italics denotes an undergraduate author
In development
Schuler, E. J. A., K. R. Van Why, H. S. Tiffin, J. E. Brown, E. T. Machtinger, and R. T. Marconi. Serological survey of wildlife from Pennsylvania for exposure to Leptospira. Journal of Wildlife Disease. In development.
Evans, J.E., A. Durracq, and E. T. Machtinger. Laboratory validation of an enzyme immunoassay for fecal corticosterone metabolites in Peromyscus leucopus. In development.
Brown, J. E., P. Chuard, and E. T. Machtinger. “Three’s Company:” Behavioral responses to blacklegged tick parasitism in three wild-caught rodent species. In development
Evans, J.R., O. Spencer, J. K. Kreye, E. H. Smithwick, and E. T. Machtinger. Burn, Bb, burn: Tick-host relationships driving tick-borne pathogen prevalence in burned habitats. In development.
Feizollah, A. M., K. C. Poh, J. H. Tumlinson, and E. T. Machtinger. Laws of attraction: Carbon dioxide and body heat determine blacklegged tick nymph response to wild rodent hosts. PLoS Biology In development.
Submitted
Roberts, C., J. Brown, M. Esoldo, K. Green, G. Z. Chambers, R. T. Marconi, B. Andrews, S. Thangamani, L. Durden, and E. T. Machtinger. Ectoparasite burden and tick-borne pathogen prevalence in eastern gray squirrels: A Suburban risk factor for tick-borne disease? Journal of Medical Entomology. Submitted
Tiffin, H.S., J. D. Brown, K. Kelly, K. R. Van Why, M. Ternent, A. C. Camire, R. T. Marconi, and E. T. Machtinger. Infestation by Sarcopes scabiei causes distinct differences in sarcoptic mange disease syndromes among sympatric wildlife species. Journal of Parasitology. Submitted.
Mazzatosta, A., C. A. Cleveland, M. J. Yabsley, E. Hayes, H. S. Tiffin, E. T. Machtinger, J. B. Johnson, M. Ternent, E. Carrollo, and J. D. Brown. Prevalence of Dirofilaria microfilaria in American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Pennsylvania, 2018-2020. Journal of Veterinary Science. Pending
Brown, J. E., P. Chuard, E. T. Machtinger. White-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) activity and grooming behavior in response to tick parasitism. Journal of Zoology. Pending
2024
Foy, P. D., S. R. Loetzerich, D. Boxler, E. R. Burgess IV, R. T. Fryxell, A. C. Gerry, N. C. Hinkle, E. T. Machtinger, C. Olds, A. M. Taron, W. Watson, J. G. Scott, and R. P. Meisel. Frequencies of house fly proto-Y chromosomes across populations are predicted by temperature heterogeneity within populations. Journal of Heredity. Accepted
Smarsh, D., L. B. Kenny, M. Spindler, K.C. Poh, and E. T. Machtinger. 2024. Knowledge and perception of equine ticks and tick-borne diseases of Pennsylvania horse owners and caretakers. Journal of Equine Veterinary Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105092
Skvarla, M. J., K. C. Poh, C. Norman, and E. T. Machtinger. 2024. Commercial products are not effective at repelling European deer keds, Lipoptena cervi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) but may increase mortality after exposure. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae109
Tiffin, H. S., K. D. Green, E. R. Burgess IV, and E. T. Machtinger. 2024. Maximizing and sustaining the efficacy of tick control tubes through optimized placement strategies. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae114
Geden, C. J., R. L. White, A. A. Pagac, E. T. Machtinger. 2024. Comparative susceptibility of adult house fly and its principal predator, Carcinops pumilio, to Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae075
Bai, N., R. Pesapane, E. T. Machtinger, and A. Y. Li. 2024. Aggressive interactions among white-tailed deer and their impact on 4-poster devices for host-targeted tick control. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae059
Tiffin, H. S., J. D. Brown, M. Ternent, B. Snavely, E. Carrollo, E. Kibe, F. E. Buderman, J. M. Mullinax, and E. T. Machtinger. 2024. Resolution of clinical signs of sarcoptic mange in American black bears (Ursus americanus), in ivermectin-treated and non-treated individuals. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-23-00134
Machtinger, E. T., D. N. Smarsh, L. B. Kenny, K. C. Poh, E. L. Orr-Gissinger, B. G. Kirkland, and H. R. Springer. 2024. An assessment of equine veterinarian knowledge and perceptions of ticks and tick‐borne diseases in the United States to inform continuing education needs. Equine Veterinary Education. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168484742.22113772/v1
Reviews and Protocols
Machtinger, E. T., K. C. Poh, R. Pesapane, and D. M. Tufts. 2024. An Integrative framework for tick management: The need to connect wildlife science, one health, and interdisciplinary perspectives. Current Opinion in Insect Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2023.101131
Machtinger, E. T. 2024. Highlights of Veterinary Entomology, 2023: Beyond the Barnyard: Exploring the Wild Side of Veterinary Entomology. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae131
2023
Skvarla, M. J., K. C. Poh, C. Norman, E.D. Struckhoff, and E. T. Machtinger. 2023. A comparison of European deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus)) and blacklegged ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae: Ixodes scapularis Say) on elk (Cervus canadensis (Erxleben)) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) in Pennsylvania. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 154: jeso2023004
Brown, J.E., H. S. Tiffin, A. Pagac, K. C. Poh, J. R. Evans, T. M. Miller, B. H. Herrin, C. Sutherland, and E. T. Machtinger. 2023. Differential burdens of blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) on sympatric rodent hosts. Journal of Vector Ecology 49: 44-52 https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-49.1.44
Pagac, A. A., C. J. Geden, N. E. Jenkins, G. P. Martin, P. H. Patterson, and E. T. Machtinger. 2023. Susceptibility of adult house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and three of its principal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to the GHA strain of Beauveria bassiana and to four isolates from field-collected muscid flies. Journal of Medical Entomology 60: 1364–1373 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad108
Norris, R. O. Baker, E. R. Burgess, IV, A. Tarone, A. Gerry, R. Trout-Fryxell, N. Hinkle, C. Olds, D. Boxler, K. Wise, E. T. Machtinger, and J. Scott. 2023. Selection for, and characterization of, fluralaner resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 191: 105355 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105355
Machtinger, E. T., E. R. Burgess, IV, and J. E. Brown. 2023. Association of biting flies with swine facilities in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology. 39: 9-20 https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE22-15
Poh, K. C., Z. T. Cole, D. N. Smarsh, H. R. Springer, K. Kelly, L. B. Kenny, and E. T. Machtinger. 2023. Topical permethrin may increase blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) repellency but is associated with cutaneous irritation in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 84: https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.22.10.0176
Olafson, P. U., K. C. Poh, J. R. Evans, M. J. Skvarla, and E. T. Machtinger. 2023. Limited detection of shared zoonotic pathogens in deer keds and blacklegged ticks co-parasitizing white-tailed deer in the eastern United States. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. http://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12620
2022
Pagac, A. A., C. J. Geden, M. R. Riggs, E. R. Burgess, IV, and E. T. Machtinger. 2022. Filth fly parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) monitoring techniques and species composition in poultry layer facilities. Journal of Medical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjac124
Roberts, C. E., E. Burgess, IV, T. M. Miller, A. Wise, C. J. Dickerson, M. Skvarla, A. Y. Li, and E. T. Machtinger. 2022. Tissue-damaging marking methods do not affect tick burdens on field captured Peromyscus spp. Wildlife Society Bulletin. http://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1385
Green K. D., H. S. Tiffin, J. E. Brown, E. R. Burgess, IV, and E. T. Machtinger. 2022. Small mammal use of cotton in tick control tubes is dependent on the month of use but independent of odor or cotton size. Ecosphere 13:7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4155
Kumar, D., L. P. Downs, A. Adegoke, E. T. Machtinger, K. Oggenfuss, R. S. Ostfeld, M. Embers, and S. Karim. 2022. An Exploratory study on the microbiome of northern and southern populations of Ixodes scapularis ticks predicts changes and unique bacterial interactions. Pathogens. 11: 130 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020130
Kimpston, C. N., A. L. Hatke, H. S. Tiffin, E. T. Machtinger, J. D. Brown, K. R. Van Why, and R. T. Marconi. 2022. High prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus among coyotes and foxes from Pennsylvania: Implications for the intersections of companion animals and wildlife. Microbiology Spectrum. 10:1.
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02532-21
Poh, K. C., J. R. Evans, M. Skvarla, P. Olafson, G. Hicking, J. Mullinax, and E. T. Machtinger. 2022. Patterns of deer ked (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infestation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the eastern United States. Parasites & Vectors. 15: 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05148-9
Reviews and Protocols
Tiffin, H. S., E. G. Rajotte, J. M. Sakamoto, E. T. Machtinger. 2022. Tick control in a connected world: Challenges, solutions, and public policy from a United States border perspective. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110388
Poh, K. C., J. R. Evans, M. J. Skvarla, E. T. Machtinger. 2022. All for One Health and One Health for All: Considerations for successful citizen science projects conducting vector surveillance from animal hosts. Insects. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13060492
Smith, K. V., K. DeLong, C. Boyer, J.M. Thompson, S. Lenhart, W. C. Strickland, E. R. Burgess, IV, Y. Tian, J. Talley, E. T. Machtinger, R. T. Trout Fryxell. 2022. A call for the development of a sustainable pest management program for the economically important pest flies of livestock: a beef cattle perspective. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmac010
Gallagher, M. R., J. Kreye, E. T. Machtinger, N. Schmidt, A. Everland, N. S. Skowronski. 2022. Can restoration of fire-dependent ecosystems reduce ticks and tick-borne disease prevalence in the Eastern US? Ecological Applications. 32: e2637 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2637
2021
Tiffin, H. S., M. J. Skvarla, E. T. Machtinger. 2021. Tick abundance and life-stage segregation on the American black bear (Ursus americanus). International Journal for Parasitology 16: 208-216 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.10.004
Machtinger, E. T., R. M. Nadolny, B. T. Vinyard, L. Eisen, A. Hojgaard, S. A. Haynes, L. Bowman, C. Casal, and A. Y. Li. 2021. Spatial heterogeneity of sympatric tick species and tick-borne pathogens emphasizes the need for surveillance for effective tick control. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases 21: 843-853 https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2021.0027
Machtinger, E. T., J. E. Brown, and E. R. Burgess, IV. 2021. Landscape distribution and abundance of animal-associated adult filth flies on commercial swine facilities in North Carolina, US. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 35: 633-645 https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12542
Machtinger, E. T., H. R. Springer, J. E. Brown, and P. U. Olafson. 2021. Sudden mortality in captive white-tailed deer with atypical infestation of winter tick. Journal of Medical Entomology. 58: 1962-1965 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab043
Evans, J. R., K. C. Poh, M. Skvarla, and E. T Machtinger. 2021. The Keds are alright: community collection of ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from hunter-harvested deer. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114: 686-693 https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab003
Milholland, M. T., L. Eisen, A. Hojgaard, R. M. Nadolny, E. T. Machtinger, J. M. Mullinax, and A. Y. Li. 2021. Surveillance of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in suburban natural habitats of central Maryland. Journal of Medical Entomology 58: 1352–1362 http://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa291
Reviews and protocols
Machtinger, E. T., A. C. Gerry, J. Talley, and A. Murillo. 2021. Filth fly species and their impacts on animal production in the United States. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmab026
Brewer, G. J., D. J. Boxler, L. D. Domingues, B. Trout-Fryxell, K. M. Loftin, E. T. Machtinger, B. Smythe, J. L. Talley, and W. Watson. 2021. Horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae): Biology, management, and future research directions. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. https://academic.oup.com/jipm/article/12/1/42/6412690
Geden, C. J., D. Nayduch, J. Scott, E. Burgess, A. Gerry, P. E. Kaufmann, J. Thompson, V. Pickens, and E. T. Machtinger. 2021. House fly (Musca domestica [Diptera: Muscidae]) - Biology, pest status, current management prospects, and research needs. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaa021
2020
Milholland, M. T., G. Xu, S. M. Rich, E. T. Machtinger, J. M. Mullinax, A. Y. Li. 2020. Pathogen coinfections harbored by Ixodes scapularis from white-tailed deer compared to questing adults across sites in Maryland, USA. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases 21: 86-91 http://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2020.2644
Skvarla, M.J., R. Trout-Fryxell, R. Butler, C. Jones, M. Burrell, S. Bacca, K. Poh, J. Evans, and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. First Canadian record and additional new state records for North American deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus) and L. mazamae Rondani). Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 151: 33-40.
Roden-Reynolds, P., E. T. Machtinger, A. Y. Li, and J. M. Mullinax. 2020. Trapping white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in suburbia for study of tick-host interaction. Journal of Insect Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa044
Tiffin, H. S., R. Cockerill, J. Brown, and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. Protocol for efficient digestion of skin tissue samples to determine Sarcoptes scabiei mite density. Journal of Insect Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa105
Burgess, E. R., C. J. Geden, K. H. Lohmeyer, B. H. King, E. T. Machtinger, and J. G. Scott. 2020. Toxicity of fluralaner, a companion animal insecticide, relative to industry-leading agricultural insecticides against resistant and susceptible strains of filth flies. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68121-z
Machtinger, E. T. and E. R. Burgess IV. 2020. Evaluation of filth fly species composition and abundance using two monitoring methods in swine confinement housing. Journal of Medical Entomology 57: 1812-1820 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa104
Brown, J.E., T. M. Miller, E. T. Machtinger. 2020. Reduction of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis, Acari:Ixodidae) burdens on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) with use of tick control tubes in Pennsylvania, USA. Journal of Applied Entomology 144: 542-545 https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12758
Jones, A. M., M. T. Van de Wyngaerde, E. T. Machtinger, E. G. Rajotte. 2020. Choice of laboratory tissue Homogenizers matters when recovering nucleic acid from medically important ticks. Journal of Medical Entomology 57: 1821-1227 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa006
Fedele, K., K.C. Poh, J. E. Brown, A. Jones, L.A. Durden, H. S. Tiffin, A. Pagac, A. Y. Li, and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. Host distribution and pathogen infection of fleas (Siphonaptera) recovered from small mammals in Pennsylvania. Journal of Vector Ecology 45: 32-44 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12371
Tuorinsky, E. V., and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. Behavioral inhibition of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), when exposed to commercial equine fly repellents. Journal of Economic Entomology 113: 518–526 https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz243
Reviews and protocols
Machtinger, E. T. and S. C. Williams. 2020. Practical Guide to Trapping Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus for Vector and Vector-borne Pathogen Surveillance and Ecology. Journal of Insect Science https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa028
Skvarla, M., K. C. Poh, and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. A technique for dissecting the salivary glands from the abdomens of deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818 and Neolipoptena Bequaert, 1942). Journal of Insect Science https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa027
Poh, K. C., M. Skvarla, J. R. Evans, and E. T. Machtinger. 2020. Collecting deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818 and Neolipoptena Bequaert, 1942) and ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) from hunter-harvested deer and other cervids. Journal of Insect Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieaa024
2019
Machtinger, E. T., and A. Y. Li. 2019.Tick control bait box use by Peromyscus spp. influenced by habitat placement but raises questions on disease ecology. Ecosphere. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2972
Machtinger, E.T., A.Y. Li, and Yifen Liu. 2019. Tick bite risk and tick-borne disease perceptions of schools in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Journal of School Health 89: 959-968 https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12835
Skvarla, M., & Machtinger, E. 2019. Deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena and Neolipoptena) in the United States and Canada: New state and county records, pathogen records, and an illustrated key to species. Journal of Medical Entomology 56: 744-760 https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy238
2018
Roden-Reynolds, P., Hummell, G., Machtinger, E., & Li, A. Y. 2018. Development of Nontarget Wildlife Exclusion Devices for Small Mammal Trap Protection. WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN, 42: 387-393. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.905
Machtinger, E., Yang, X., Chen, J., & Li, A. Y. 2018. Repellencies and Toxicities of Five Ant-derived Defensive Compounds Against the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY, 53(3), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-018-0559-7
2017
Weeks, E. N. I., Machtinger, E., Gezan, S. A., Kaufman, P. E., & Geden, C. J. 2017. Effects of Four Commercial Fungal Formulations on Mortality and Sporulation in House Flies (Musca domestica) and Stable Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, 31(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12201
Machtinger, E., & Li, A. Y. 2017. Evaluation of Four Commercial Natural Products for Repellency and Toxicity Against the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY, 73(3-4), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-017-0185-z
2016
Machtinger, E., Leppla, N. C., & Hogsette, J. A. 2016. House and Stable Fly Seasonal Abundance, Larval Development Substrates, and Natural Parasitism on Small Equine Farms in Florida. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY, 45(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0376-z
Machtinger, E., Weeks,, E. N. I., Geden, C. J., & Kaufman, P. E. 2016. House Fly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) Mortality After Exposure to Commercial Fungal Formulations in a Sugar Bait. BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 26(10), 1444-1450. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2016.1210085
Machtinger, E., Geden, C. J., LoVullo, E. D., & Shirk, P. D. 2016. Impacts of Extended Laboratory Rearing on Female Fitness in Florida Colonies of the Parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) With an Analysis of Wolbachia Strains. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 109(2), 176-182.https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sav118
Taylor, C. E., Machtinger, E., Geden, C. J., & Kramer, M. 2016. Manure Preferences and Postemergence Learning of Two Filth Fly Parasitoids, Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). PLOS ONE, 11(12). http://https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167893.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167893
Machtinger, E., Weeks, E. N. I., & Geden, C. J. 2016. Oviposition Deterrence and Immature Survival of Filth Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Fungal Products. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE, 16. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iew032
2015
Machtinger, E., Geden, C. J., Teal, P. E., & Leppla, N. C. 2015. Comparison of Host-Seeking Behavior of the Filth Fly Pupal Parasitoids, Spalangia cameroni and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, 44(2), 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv120
Machtinger, E., & Geden, C. J. 2015. Comparison of the Olfactory Preferences of Four of Filth Fly Pupal Parasitoid Species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) for Hosts in Equine and Bovine Manure. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, 44(5), 1417-1424. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv120
Machtinger, E., Geden, C. J., & Leppla, N. C. 2015. Linear Dispersal of the Filth Fly Parasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Parasitism of Hosts at Increasing Distances. PLOS ONE, 10(6). http://https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0129105. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129105
Reviews and protocols
Machtinger, E.T., C.J. Geden, P.E. Kaufman, and A. M. House. 2015. Use of Pupal Parasitoids as Biological Control Agents of Filth Flies on Equine Facilities. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmv015
2014
Machtinger, E., Geden, C. J., Hogsette, J. A., & Leppla, N. C. 2014. Development and Oviposition Preference of House Flies and Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Six Substrates from Florida Equine Facilities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY, 51(6), https://doi.org/10.1603/ME14040. ISBN/ISSN #/Case #/DOI #: 0022-2585